Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin condition in which skin cells reproduce themselves too quickly and cause a buildup. If you have psoriasis, you may notice flaky patches on your skin that can form a scale-like appearance.
Our body typically replaces skin cells every 3–4 weeks, but in people with psoriasis, this usually happens in 3–7 days.
Treatment types
Psoriasis treatments aim to improve symptoms and discomfort. The recommended treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the area it affects.
Doctors divide psoriasis into treatment three categories:
- topical, such as creams and ointments
- systemic, including injections and oral medications
- phototherapy
Your doctor can recommend the most effective treatment plan for your condition.
Topical treatments and side effects
Doctors usually recommend topical therapy for mild psoriasis. Topical treatments may include:
| Name | Uses | Side effects |
|---|---|---|
| Anthralin | • raised, scaly skin patches, known as plaques | • skin irritation • skin staining |
| Coal tar | • plaque psoriasis • itch • difficult to treat palm and sole psoriasis • can use with dressings • doctors may use it alongside UVB light therapy | • skin staining • skin odor • irritation • contact dermatitis • stinging • folliculitis |
| Salicylic acid | • removes excess skin • increases hydration Doctors may also recommend using salicylic acid after phototherapy as it blocks UV light. | • systemic intoxication • headaches • nausea • vomiting • tinnitus • burning sensation in mouth |
| Topical retinoids such as tazarotene | • plaque psoriasis • nail psoriasis You should not use topical products such as tazarotene on sensitive areas like the face or genitals. | • localized irritation Doctors advise against using tazarotene during pregnancy. |
| Topical corticosteroids | • psoriasis management at all stages The recommended strength depends on which area needs treatment and the severity. | • blood vessel dilation and rupture near the skin’s surface • stretch marks • hyperglycemia (long-term use only) |
| Vitamin D analogs (calcipotriene, calcitriol, tacalcitol) | • nail psoriasis • plaque psoriasis • chronic plaque psoriasis | • localized irritation • high calcium levels in blood (hypercalcemia) • high calcium levels in urine (hypercalciuria) • irregular calcium levels (parathyroid hormone suppression) |
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