Migraine is a neurological condition that can be debilitating and cause severe pain. While many treatments are available for migraine, triptan medications have become a popular option.
Triptans work by binding to the brain’s 5-HT1B/1D serotonin receptors, which control your mood and cognition. This causes the blood vessels to narrow and decreases inflammation, which helps to reduce nausea and other symptoms of a migraine attack.
Triptans are not available over the counter (OTC) in the United States and must be prescribed. Consider speaking with a healthcare professional to determine if it is the right treatment option for you.
There are several types of triptan medications, each with different benefits and potential side effects in treating and managing migraine. We list them here in no particular order.
1. Sumatriptan
Sumatriptan (Imitrex) aims to relieve migraine symptoms. The medication has a quick onset of action and can take effect in 30–60 minutes.
It is available in several forms, including:
- oral tablets
- nasal sprays
- injections
Sumatriptan injections can provide more rapid relief compared to other forms and can take effect in 10 minutes.
The dosage for oral tablets for adults ranges from 25–100 milligrams (mg), depending on the severity of the migraine attack.
Common side effects of sumatriptan tablets include:
- tingling or prickling sensations in the arms and legs
- vertigo
- chest pain
- tightness in the neck, throat, and jaw
- fatigue
Common side effects of sumatriptan injections include:
- dizziness
- chest pain
- fatigue
- flushing
- tightness in the neck, throat, and jaw
Common side effects of sumatriptan nasal sprays include:
- nausea
- vomiting
- throat discomfort
- vertigo
- burning sensation in the nose
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2. Rizatriptan
Rizatriptan (Maxalt) aims to relieve migraine and can help stop the release of natural substances that result in pain and nausea from migraine.
It is available in pill form and oral tablets that dissolve in the mouth. They can be helpful for those who have difficulty swallowing pills.
The recommended adult dosage for rizatriptan tablets ranges from 5–10 mg and should not exceed 30 mg in 24 hours.
Common side effects of rizatriptan include:
- dizziness
- fatigue
- drowsiness
3. Zolmitriptan
Zolmitriptan (Zomig) aims to relieve migraine symptoms such as pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound.
Zolmitriptan is available in several forms, including:
- oral tablets
- nasal sprays
- dissolving tablets
The recommended adult dosage for oral tablets is 1.25–5 mg. However, a healthcare professional will help determine the best dosage for you.
Common side effects of zolmitriptan tablets include:
- dizziness
- nausea
- dry mouth
- warm or cold sensation in the body
Common side effects of zolmitriptan nasal spray include:
- dizziness
- tingling or prickling sensations in the arms and legs
- increased sensitivity to stimulation
