What does an itchy nipple mean?

It’s not uncommon for the nipples to itch, but a persistent itch, or one accompanied by inflammation, requires medical advice. That’s because there could be underlying reasons for the itch that need to be addressed, such as eczema or even a certain type of breast cancer. 

Though there are general steps you can take to keep the skin of the nipple area healthy and moisturized, each of these root causes has treatment options available. 

Causes

Dermatitis

This is an umbrella term for a group of skin irritations. Eczema is a condition that can affect the nipples, in addition to the chest, knees, and elbows. It is often accompanied by inflammation, rash, or peeling skin. It can affect anyone. 

There is also contact dermatitis, which is the result of your skin coming into contact with an allergen. In the case of the nipple area, this is most likely due to an ingredient in your laundry soap or body soap. Consider switching to products designed for sensitive skin.

Yeast infections

Any moist area is prone to yeast infections. In the nipple area, this may present as a shiny rash, cracking or bleeding nipples, or an itching, burning sensation. 

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition, causing a buildup of skin cells and leading to scaling of the skin. This can cause uncomfortable symptoms like itching and inflammation.

It is rare that psoriasis affects the nipples, but according to some research, it is possible.

Cancer

In rare cases, itchy nipples could be a sign of something more serious. Paget’s disease is a rare form of breast cancer that affects the nipple and areola. This form of cancer is typically diagnosed with a biopsy of the nipple. Removal of the cancer and radiation or chemotherapy are typical treatments. 

Hormones

Changes in your hormones can make the skin around the nipples more sensitive, so itchiness may occur during hormonal peaks in your menstrual cycle. It can also happen during or after menopause when hormone levels fluctuate.

Pregnancy

Itchy nipples during pregnancy is a common side effect. That’s because of fluctuations in the amount of estrogen and progesterone in the body. In addition, a sudden change in breast size stretches the skin, making it more itchy. 

Finally, prurigo of pregnancy (an immune system response to pregnancy), hyperkeratosis (a thickening of the skin), and pregnancy-induced eczema are also possible reasons for itchy nipples in pregnant people, as they commonly appear (in the case of prurigo) or get worse (in hyperkeratosis and eczema) during pregnancy.

Nursing

A lot of changes happen in the breasts during nursing. If mastitis or a yeast infection (such as thrush) can be ruled out, the itchiness may be due to a host of other natural reasons, such as changes in breast size or hormones.

It’s also possible that the latching of the baby on the nipple or the milk flowing from the breast itself causes irritation or itchiness. 

Mastitis

Mastitis is a breast tissue infection caused by a blocked milk duct in the breast, which typically happens during nursing. Symptoms can include breast tenderness, swelling, burning, or discharge from the nipple. 

To prevent this, you will usually be recommended to alter the breast and position of the baby during nursing, allowing each side to drain fully. A lactation consultant can help offer additional guidance.

Symptoms

In addition to a persistent itch, people often experience the presence of bumps or pimples, dryness, and discoloration of the nipple area.

Pregnant people often report itchiness accompanied by irritation or cracked, dry skin around the nipple.

Symptoms of Paget’s disease include itching, tingling, or redness of the nipple, thickened skin on or around the nipple, yellow or bloody discharge from the nipple, or a flattened nipple.

Treatments 

When it comes to treating the itchiness itself, there are several steps you can take. In general, good skin care practices can help prevent or lessen itching.

Moisturize with a fragrance-free cream designed for sensitive skin and avoid soaps and detergents with fragrance or harsh chemicals. Opt for soft and breathable materials, and always change into dry clothes after working out. 

More loose-fitting bras and clothing during pregnancy, as the breasts change in size, is recommended to soothe the skin. 

To treat the itch, you can also use an over-the-counter (OTC) hydrocortisone cream, such as Dermazene. A cool pack placed inside the bra can also alleviate the itch. 

In the case of a yeast infection, antifungal medication, either OTC or by prescription, may be recommended. An example of this is miconazole (Micatin).

For mastitis, antibiotics are typically prescribed to treat the infection, such as amoxicillin (Amoxil).

For pregnant or nursing people, an all-purpose nipple ointment containing antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties can help both soothe the area and prevent complications.

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Summary

The nipple is one of the most sensitive areas of the body, making itchy symptoms even more uncomfortable. The cause of the itch can vary. It can be caused by skin conditions like eczema, or simply caused by hormonal changes due to pregnancy.

If the itch is persistent, it’s best to have the area assessed by a medical professional. Treatment options, such as OTC itch creams, can provide relief.

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