Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by inflamed, dry, and itchy patches of skin. It is common and may affect people of all ages and backgrounds.
At least seven types of eczema are known, but no cure is available for any of them.
This article discusses the treatment options for eczema.
How to get rid of eczema
Experts have not found a cure for eczema yet. However, various treatment options are available to manage the symptoms and provide relief.
You may experience prolonged periods without eczema rashes, but the condition tends to be chronic, and reoccurrence is likely to occur throughout your life.
Eczema treatment aims to reduce discomfort and minimize rash complications. The specific strategy may vary depending on the type of eczema you have and potential complications, like skin infections, that you may have developed.
The first step to managing eczema may be consulting a health professional to get an accurate diagnosis. This will increase the chances of effective treatment.
How is eczema treated?
Medical treatment options to manage symptoms of eczema may include:
Topical steroids
A doctor can prescribe corticosteroid creams or ointments to reduce inflammation and relieve itching caused by eczema rashes.
When applied to the affected skin, these medications are absorbed and may directly affect the cells responsible for the inflammatory response.
As a result, topical steroids may help relieve itching, swelling, and other symptoms of eczema rashes. The strength and potency of topical steroids may vary. Over-the-counter and prescription-strength steroids are available.
A doctor will recommend a specific strength depending on the severity of your symptoms and the location of the rash.
Topical steroids for eczema may include:
Side effects, including irritation and pain, are possible. In rare cases, stopping the use of a topical steroid can result in topical corticosteroid withdrawal. This adverse reaction can cause symptoms including skin burning and a rash.
Always follow your doctor’s instructions and dosage recommendations for any medication, including topical steroids.
Topical immunomodulators
Immunomodulators are nonsteroidal creams or ointments. They help with eczema symptoms by inhibiting immune cells that trigger and sustain the inflammatory response.
Topical immunomodulators can help control redness, itching, and pain by reducing inflammation. Doctors may prescribe this type of medication to treat symptoms on more delicate areas of skin, such as the face or eyelids.
Calcineurin inhibitors like tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are immunomodulators.
Systemic medications
When topical treatments do not resolve eczema symptoms, a healthcare professional may prescribe oral or injectable medications. These work by targeting the immune system and reducing inflammation throughout the body.
Examples include:
- Oral corticosteroids: These are synthetic versions of natural hormones that help suppress the immune response and decrease the inflammatory response. They are typically prescribed for short-term use due to potential side effects when used for extended periods. Examples include prednisolone.
- Immunosuppressants: Medications like cyclosporine or azathioprine suppress the immune system’s activity, reducing the inflammatory response. Health professionals reserve these medications for severe eczema cases that are not responsive to other treatments or where there are complications.
- Biologic agents: Dupilumab is an example of a biologic agent used for moderate to severe eczema. These medications target specific molecules or receptors involved in the immune response, reducing inflammation. Biologics are administered via injection or infusion.
- Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors: These medications target certain types of enzymes associated with inflammation. FDA-approved JAK inhibitors for eczema include:
- ruxolitinib (Opzelura)
- abrocitinib (Cibinqo)
- upadacitinib (Rinvoq)
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Get free cardOther remedies for eczema
Home management options for eczema may include:
Moisturizing regularly
Regular moisturizing is essential in managing your eczema. Dry skin may increase itchiness and the chance of skin lesions, which may lead to skin infections.
Hypoallergenic and fragrance-free moisturizers may help you reduce discomfort. Try them multiple times daily to hydrate your skin, lock in moisture, and prevent dryness.
Identifying and avoiding triggers
External and internal irritants may worsen eczema symptoms. For example, perfumes, intense emotions, and dust.
Taking note of your triggers may minimize eczema flare-ups and prevent further irritation.
Gentle skin care
Adopting a gentle skin care routine may help protect your skin.
Mild, non-irritating cleansers and lukewarm water may be best, as well as avoiding scrubbing and rubbing. Hot water may strip away natural oils and exacerbate dryness.
Wearing soft fabrics
Choosing clothing made from soft, breathable fabrics like cotton is highly advisable. These materials are less likely to cause irritation or friction against your skin. Rough or scratchy fabrics can aggravate eczema symptoms.
Stress management
Stress can trigger eczema symptoms, so finding effective stress management techniques is essential.
Activities that help you relax and reduce stress, such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, yoga, or pursuing hobbies you enjoy, can help you manage eczema.
Prioritizing self-care can positively affect your eczema.
Wet wrap therapy
Although it may not work for everyone, applying a damp layer of clothing or bandages over moisturized skin may enhance hydration and reduce inflammation.
Does eczema ever go away on its own?
Eczema is a chronic condition that tends to persist over time.
While some children outgrow eczema, others continue having flare-ups for life.
The condition itself does not typically go away on its own permanently. It requires ongoing management and treatment to help reduce symptoms and reoccurrence.
Summary
Eczema is a chronic condition that requires long-term management and care. While eczema cannot be cured, various treatment options are available to manage symptoms effectively.
By working closely with a healthcare professional and following treatment instructions, you may find relief and improve your quality of life.
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